Vertical coordinates generally are created by the position of the fingers in relationship to the thumb, in regards to a north-south alignment to the foul line.
Track can also be affected by the size of the bowler. Shorter spans will generally have a lower track and in the same manner, a longer span generally will cause a higher track, as well as affect the track circumference in a similar manner. A shorter span will create a smaller circumference and a longer span can create a larger track circumference.
Taking a line that is vertical from the foul line, if the fingers and thumb are parallel to this line, the track will be fairly parallel to the vertical grip line (the one that dissects the finger and the thumb). A 0 vertical coordinate will appear closer to the fingers than the thumb.
When you alter the alignment of the finger and thumb is what dictates the vertical coordinate of the PAP.
If, for a right hander and looking from behind, the fingers rotate towards the inside of this line or towards the body, the vertical coordinate can become inverted.
In a similar manner, when the finger rotate to the outside, the vertical coordinate will generally go up.
The thumb position/alignment can increase this. When the thumb goes towards the outside, it generally lowers the track. When the thumb goes towards the inside, it can raise the track.
If you take the fingers towards the outside of the line and the thumb towards the inside, it goes towards a full roller.
You also have to take into consideration the bowler's physical attributes such as height, weight, length of arms & legs and gender. Womens arms at the elbow, generally bow towards the body, thus placing their hand farther under the ball, which enhances a back up ball, primarily due to wrist strength. Men's elbow generally bows away from the body.
The amount of time the thumb spends in the ball at the release enhance this as well. Right lateral or palm pitch generally makes the thumb stay in the ball through the release and rotation. This can lower the track and raise the vertical coordinate. Excessive reverse pitch increases the exit speed on the down swing which can lower the track but keep the vertical coordinate lower. Opposite with forward pitch. It will generally slow down the release speed.
This is all predicated that the span is correct.
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