Getting your PBA card isn't "hard". See
http://www.pba.com/membership/default.asp?ID=3679. Basically, meet the average requirements. You don't have to be a national touring pro to be in the PBA. You don't even have to be all that special.
Exempt status means that you are automatically seeded into the round of 64 every week (used to be match play, now it's a 14-game qualifying block for the round of 32). You are guaranteed a paycheck every week ($2K, I think for 64th place) for the 16 standard events. You don't have to bowl in the pre-tournament qualifiers (9 games, open to anyone that pays the entry fee, I think). Of those that bowl PTQs, only four or five make it to the round of 64 (usually about 1 in 10 to 1 in 20).
You can bowl in regional tournaments as well as a PBA member.
To get to the TV show, you have to bowl 9 games of PTQs, make that cut. Then bowl 14 games in the round of 64. Make the top 32. Then beat three people in best-of-7 match play (rounds of 32, 16, and

. You will make the show.
In non-standard events (majors), it's different. The Masters and US Open have different, non-PBA entry requirements (they are open to amateurs, who win them on occasion). They're long-format tournaments, maybe 50+ games. The World Championship is also a different, longer format, but I think it's only open to PBA members. The Tournament of Champions is invitational.
SH